Parodontium is an aggregation of tissues holding the tooth in the jaw-bone. Parodontitis is an inflammatory injury of parodontium tissues which is accompanied by reduction of bone tissue around the teeth, tooth looseness, alteration of the tooth alignment. The parodontitis symptoms are: jaw bleeding, looseness and spontaneous teeth shifting, appearance of gaps between teeth (tremas). Patients with inflammatory diseases of parodontium (parodontitis) need complex dental cure: sanitation of mouth cavity, healing of parodontitis (improvement of mouth cavity hygiene, anti-inflammatory healing, surgery (if necessary), orthodontic healing, prosthesis in case of lack of separate teeth.
Our recommendations:
Since orthodontic treatment is one of the important links of complex dental rehabilitation, we recommend it to all patients having parodontium diseases, if they have teeth standing in wrong position. Parodontium causes no contraindications against orthodontic teeth transference.
Our clinic performs complex treatment of patients with parodontium diseases which is carried out in several stages:
1. Professional hygiene of mouth cavity carried out before bracket installation.
2. Treatment by a parodontist (conservative and/or surgical) aimed at elimination of the inflammatory process.
Treatment of diseases of gums and oral mucosa (parodontology)
Gingivitis.
While eating, gums begin to bleed, and during teeth cleaning unpleasant smell and taste appear. An objective study detects an edema and redness of the gum edge and the interdental papillae, presence of dental deposit and dental plaque. Gingivitis has many causes, such as subgingival deposits, defects in filling and making prosthetic applications, dento- maxillary anomalies in the teeth and the jaw, bad caring for the mouth cavity, professional outer environmental factors (heavy metal salts, etc.) Gingivitis can appear also under conditions of several general diseases and hormonal disturbances, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, etc.
Parodontitis
Parodontitis can be localized around one or several teeth or be of generalized character (all teeth affected). Parodontitis always begins with gingivitis. In the course of the process development, there occurs violation of integrity of dentoalveolar connection, destruction of ligamentous apparatus of the tooth, bone tissue destruction, formation of a parodontal pouch (between a tooth and the gum). An objective study reports gums bleeding, subgingival dental calculus and plaque, teeth looseness, pus release when pressing the gum edge. The main sign of parodontosis is a parodontal pouch.
Localized parodontitis develops under influence of local causes, such as penetration of filling material or arsenic paste into the interdental space, occlusion trauma (occlusion pathology, early extraction of molars), badly manufactured prostheses, etc. Development of generalized parodontitis is based on failure of the parodontis’s barrier function and reduction of organism immunity which finally turns gingivitis into parodontitis, i.e. a further destruction of the connection between the tooth and the bone tissue takes place and all that in its turn deepens the inflammatory process.
Parodontosis.
During parodontosis, there are no inflammatory events and parodontal pouches; a good fixation of teeth is common, low amount of teeth deposits, gum retraction, tooth neck exposition, presence of V-form defects. Besides increased sensitivity of necks to different irritants, patients complain of gum itching. Frequently parodontosis progresses at the background of systemic diseases. The origin of this form is much due to disturbances of metabolism, hypoxia, microcirculatory disturbances at the background of atherosclerotic changes of parodontium vessels which are primary. Initially, the process progresses symptomless.
Diseases appearing during parodontitis, parodontosis. Parodontium (parodontosis, parodontitis) may stimulate appearance of other pathological processes. Inflammation of pulp (dental nerve) can start when infection penetrates from a parodontal pouch. Frequent exacerbations of parodontosis and parodontitis with abscessing (formation of purulent foci) serve as a cause of appearance of localized osteomielites with sequestration (formation of dead areas in bone tissues). Parodontal cyst develops as a result of chronic development of the main disease. Initially the process develops symptomless. Further on, in the course of cyst size increase the bulging starts taking place.
Treatment of Parodontium Diseases
Treatment of parodontium diseases is based on the principle of maximally individualized approach to each patient with consideration of general and dental status. Therefore, it is always of complex character. Both general and local therapy can be applied. The treatment is aimed not only at elimination of the inflammatory process in the parodontium, but also at strengthening the general state of the organism and enhancing its protective forces.
